Collection of oil paintings by H W Garratt, inventor of the Beyer-Garratt articulated locomotive

Garratt was born in Hackney on 8 June 1864. He became an apprentice with the North London Railway (NLR) at their Bow locomotive works at age 15. He finished his apprenticeship in 1882 and took a job at Doxford’s Marine Engine works in Sunderland where he worked as an engineer on steamships.

In 1885, Garratt returned to work on the railways. He became an inspector of engines and railway materials for C. Douglas Fox and Alexander Rendel before taking a job with the Vacuum Brake Company inspecting engines for the London & South Western Railway.

In 1889, Garratt travelled abroad to work as an engineer on railways in South America. He was a district locomotive superintendent for the Central Argentine Railway and a locomotive superintendent for the Central Cuban Railway, the Lagos Government Railway and the Lima Railway of Peru.

Garratt returned to Britain in 1906. Early in 1907, he started to work on an idea for a new type of articulated steam locomotive. While working in South America, Garratt observed the operation of articulated engines such as the Fairlie locomotives supplied by the Vulcan Foundry Co. He noticed that these engines had difficulty in achieving good stability, traction and speed on the narrow-gauge track. Garratt designed his cradle-type locomotive with a boiler mounted centrally between a pair of driving bogies. The bogies carried the fuel and water tanks. The articulated design allowed the locomotive to negotiate very tight bends. Garratt showed his design to Kitson & Co., locomotive engineers in Leeds. The company had already developed the Kitson-Meyer articulated locomotive and rejected his proposals.

Around this time Garratt was working as a locomotive inspector for the New South Wales Government. His job was to inspect the locomotives built by Beyer, Peacock for the New South Wales Government Railway. While at Beyer, Peacock’s Gorton works, Garratt took the chance to discuss his patented cradle-type locomotive with the company directors. The company recognised the superiority of Garratt’s design and agreed to work with him on the design.

In March 1907, work began on a proposed articulated compound tank engine for the Tasmanian Government Railway. The Beyer, Peacock & Co. draughtsman, Samuel Jackson, made two general arrangement drawings in April 1907.

Garratt took out a provisional patent on his design in July 1907. One of the Beyer, Peacock & Co. draughtsmen drew up a general arrangement drawing for inclusion with the patent application. This drawing was probably based on the preliminary drawings for the Tasmanian Garratt made in April 1907.

Both Beyer, Peacock & Co. and Herbert Garratt began to look for markets for the Garratt following the granting of the patent in 1907. Beyer, Peacock’s draughtsmen drew up several drawings for proposed Garratt engines, including one for the New South Wales Government in October 1907.

In November 1907, Garratt moved with his family to Levenshulme to be closer to the Beyer, Peacock & Co. works in Gorton. He made a series of oil paintings showing the K1 in steam. He used one of these images for his letter-headed paper and in other promotional literature for the locomotive.

Beyer, Peacock & Co. signed a formal agreement with Garratt to become the sole agent to market, manufacture and sell Garratt locomotives in the United Kingdom. Garratt made similar agreements with companies in other countries, including the Baldwin Locomotive Works of Philadelphia, USA, the Société St-Léonard in Belgium and Henschel & Sohn in Germany. As a result of these agreements, many other Garratt locomotives were built on the principles set out by Herbert Garratt.

Garratt received his full patent for his locomotive design in June 1909. He continued to work with Beyer, Peacock & Co. in Manchester until 1911. He returned to London with his family and died at home in Richmond in September 1913.

In 1854, Charles Frederick Beyer and Richard Peacock founded Beyer, Peacock & Co, a mechanical engineering company. Their works were at Gorton, east of Manchester. A legal partnership was formed between Charles Frederick Beyer, Richard Peacock, and Henry Robertson, a sleeping partner which took effect from 1 January 1855. In the early days of the company it was the partners who managed the affairs of the company. Beyer acted as Chief Engineer with control over the Drawing Office and Works, Peacock as Commercial Manager handled the commercial side of the business, and Robertson acted as Financial Advisor. Under the Chief Engineer were the Chief Draughtsman and the Works Manager. An accountant was also employed.

In July 1855 the first locomotive engine left Gorton. It was made for the Great Western Railway Company and was used on the Paddington to Oxford route. Between 1854 and 1868 Beyer, Peacock built 844 locomotives, of which 476 were exported. The company sold mainly to the colonies, South Africa and South America, but never broke into the North American market.

In 1883 the company was incorporated as a private limited company and renamed Beyer, Peacock & Co Ltd, with registered offices at 34 Victoria Street, Westminster. In 1902 the company became a public limited company, Beyer, Peacock & Co (1902) Ltd. (The (1902) was dropped the following year). In 1908 the registered offices were moved to Gorton and the new London office was at 14 Victoria Street, Westminster. In 1919 the London offices were given up and then in 1923 new premises were acquired at Abbey House, London. During WWII the registed offices were moved to Flore Manor in Northamptonshire. In 1956 the London offices of the company were moved from Abbey House to Locomotive House, Buckingham Gate.

One of Beyer, Peacock's most successful locomotives was an articulated locomotive called the Garratt. Its designer, H. W. Garratt, had a wide knowledge of locomotive design and construction from his work in various countries including Argentina and Cuba. In 1908 Garratt was granted a patent. Beyer, Peacock had sole rights of manufacture in Britain. In 1928 the patents ran out and the company began to use the name Beyer-Garratt to distinguish their locomotives.

During WWI Beyer, Peacock began to manufactire artilliery and in August 1915 Gorton Works was put under Government control with production switching almost entirely to the war effort, especially heavy field artilliery. During WWII the company was again brought under government control but continued to build locomotives throughout the war.

Beyer, Peacock was faced with competition from tramways and electric railways. They began to look for alternatives so that they were not dependent on one product. In 1932 they acquired Richard Garratt Engineering Works Ltd who made steam traction engines, steam road lorries, and agricultural equipment. In 1949 Metropolitan-Vickers, Beyer, Peacock Ltd was formed which was jointly owned by Metropolitan Vickers and Beyer, Peacock. The company was created to build locomotives other than steam. By 1953 Beyer, Peacock had acquired the following subsidiary companies: Denings of Chard, makers of agricultural machinery; Theramic Ltd, makers of theramic siphons for locomotives; Maiuri Refrigeration Patents, Low Temperature Developments Ltd, and some other companies concerned with sales, such as Rail Traction Supplied Ltd. In 1957 Beyer, Peacock acquired Anti-attrition Metal Co and in 1958 Air Control Installations Ltd. In this year Beyer, Peacock (Hymek) Ltd was formed.

The late 1950s saw a rapid transformation in locomotive manufacture. In 1955 British Rail decided to switch from steam to diesel and overseas users followed suit. Beyer, Peacock all but closed down the Gorton plant at the end of 1958. They had chosen to make diesel-hydraulics but British Rail opted to use diesel-electrics.

In 1960 Beyer, Peacock’s subsidiary companies became members of the Beyer, Peacock Group and Beyer, Peacock Co. Ltd became the holding company. In 1966 all production ceased at the Gorton foundry. Shares in Beyer, Peacock were eventually bought by National Chemical Industries Ltd and in 1980 Beyer, Peacock and Co. Ltd became a dormant company. The name was resurrected in the 1990s as a trading name, based in Devon.

Supplier of artists materials based in Hackney, London. Known to have been active c1907.

Supplier of artists materials, based at 119, Deansgate, Manchester. Known to have been active in c1907.